Forest History—New Perspectives for an Old Discipline

Bernhard Muigg,Willy Tegel

doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.724775

Bernhard Muigg, Willy Tegel

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.724775

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Abstract

The scientific field of forest history studies the development of woodlands and their interrelationship with past human societies. During the last decades, the subject has experienced a constant decrease of importance, reflected in the loss of representation in most universities. After 200 years of existence, an insufficient theoretical basis and the prevalence of bibliographical and institutional studies on post-medieval periods have isolated the field and hindered interdisciplinary exchange. Here we present possible new perspectives, proposing wider methodological, chronological, thematic, and geographical areas of focus. This paper summarizes the development of the field over time and recommends content enhancement, providing a specific example of application from Roman France. Furthermore, we introduce a topical definition of forest history. Following the lead of other fields of the humanities and environmental sciences focussing on the past, forest history has to adapt to using other available archives in addition to historical written sources. In particular, historical and archeological timber as well as pollen are essential sources for the study of past forests. Research into forest history can substantially add to our understanding of relevant issues like societal responses to climate change and resource scarcity in the past and contribute to future scenarios of sustainability.

Highlights

After the Last Glacial Maximum (∼21 ky ago) and from the start of the Holocene, forests recolonized large parts of Europe (Figure 1; Giesecke et al, 2017; Marquer et al, 2017)
We address the potential of dendroarcheological analyses as a source for forest history studies and discuss possible interdisciplinary concepts
The forest scientist Kurt Mantel (1990) excluded pre-historic periods from forest history (German: “Forstgeschichte”), whereas Karl Hasel defined it as the study of the changing relationship between forests and human societies over centuries and millennia, yet distinguishing it from history of natural forests (German: “Waldgeschichte”), which is mainly studied with palynological methods (Hasel and Schwartz, 2006)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

After the Last Glacial Maximum (∼21 ky ago) and from the start of the Holocene (ca. 11.7 ky ago; Figure 1A), forests recolonized large parts of Europe (Figure 1; Giesecke et al, 2017; Marquer et al, 2017). The forest scientist Kurt Mantel (1990) excluded pre-historic periods from forest history (German: “Forstgeschichte”), whereas Karl Hasel defined it as the study of the changing relationship between forests and human societies over centuries and millennia, yet distinguishing it from history of natural forests (German: “Waldgeschichte”), which is mainly studied with palynological methods (Hasel and Schwartz, 2006). These definitions of forest history are contradictory, regarding methodological and chronological aspects. 1https://environmentalhistory.net dendroarcheological and palynological studies, call for fundamental reconsiderations of theories and methods of traditional forest history

A TOPICAL DEFINITION OF “FOREST HISTORY”

Findings

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION