Abstract
Satellite remote sensing provides global observations of the Earth’s surface and provides useful information for monitoring smoke plumes emitted from forest fires. The aim of this study is to automatically separate smoke plumes from the background by analyzing the MODIS data. An identification algorithm was improved based on the spectral analysis among the smoke, cloud and underlying surface. In order to get satisfactory results, a multi-threshold method is used for extracting training sample sets to train back-propagation neural network (BPNN) classification for merging the smoke detection algorithm. The MODIS data from three forest fires were used to develop the algorithm and get parameter values. These fires occurred in (i) China on 16 October 2004, (ii) Northeast Asia on 29 April 2009 and (iii) Russia on 29 July 2010 in different seasons. Then, the data from four other fires were used to validate the algorithm. Results indicated that the algorithm captured both thick smoke and thin dispersed smoke over land, as well as the mixed pixels of smoke over the ocean. These results could provide valuable information concerning forest fire location, fire spreading and so on.
Highlights
Forest fires are one of the major natural disasters in the world and they occur more and more frequently in recent years [1]
3000, and 67% of the pixels were randomly selected from each class and used for training the back-propagation neural network (BPNN), while the remaining pixels served as test samples
The numbers in the rows are output results obtained by the BPNN
Summary
Forest fires are one of the major natural disasters in the world and they occur more and more frequently in recent years [1]. A large amount of smoke particles are emitted from forest fires and enter the atmosphere. Does harm to local public health [6] This is because the particulate matter [6] and the greenhouse gases such as CO2 [7] are produced by fires. They can affect the chemistry of the troposphere [8,9] and cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, and asthma chest pain [6,10,11]. Smoke particles scatter and absorb incoming solar radiation so that they affect the local climate [3,12]
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