Abstract
Abstract. Fires are an important factor in shaping Earth's ecosystems. Plant and animal life, in almost every land habitat, are at least partially dependent on the effects of fire. However, their destructive force, which has often proven uncontrollable, is one of our greatest concerns, effectively resulting in several policies in the most important industrialised regions of the globe. This paper aims to comprehensively characterise the Forest Fire Finder (FFF), a forest fire detection system based mainly upon a spectroscopic technique called differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). The system is designed and configured with the goal of detecting higher-than-the-horizon smoke columns by measuring and comparing scattered sunlight spectra. The article covers hardware and software, as well as their interactions and specific algorithms for day mode operation. An analysis of data retrieved from several installations deployed in the course of the last 5 years is also presented. Finally, this paper features a discussion on the most prominent future improvements planned for the system, as well as its ramifications and adaptations, such as a thermal imaging system for short-range fire seeking or environmental quality control.
Highlights
IntroductionFire is a process by which elements chemically combine with oxygen, releasing energy (as heat and light) and smoke into the surrounding environment
Fire is a process by which elements chemically combine with oxygen, releasing energy and smoke into the surrounding environment
– The Forest Fire Finder (FFF) was developed in Lisbon, in a partnership between the NOVA University of Lisbon and NGNS-IS, Ltd., in 2006
Summary
Fire is a process by which elements chemically combine with oxygen, releasing energy (as heat and light) and smoke into the surrounding environment. Fires are an important factor in shaping Earth’s ecosystems. In many land habitats, are at least partially dependent on the effects of fire (Food and Agriculture Organisation , FAO). The use of fire by hominids predates civilisation by thousands of years and, in today’s society, there are almost no areas of technology or scientific knowledge that do not involve fire in one way or another. Forest fires are among the great concerns of the present day in industrialised countries. Research regarding wildfires has been targeted by many countries and unions worldwide in an effort to minimise the negative impact these events imply
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