Forest ecosystems and nature conservation in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Problems related to the conservation of natural forests and the associated faunal communities in Sri Lanka are discussed. Particular reference is made to endemic plant and animal species. The present status of natural forests in Sri Lanka is outlined and the major factors contributing to their decline are described. The most important impacts on the forests are direct or indirect consequences of growth of the human population and associated measures to extend and/or improve land use. The most extinction-prone animal species in Sri Lanka are the larger carnivores such as leopards and eagles, large herbivores (elephant and deer), and habitat specialists, which include most of the endemic vertebrates. Better management and extension of the existing reserves through reafforestation could lower extinction rates of the indigenous and/or endemic plant and animal species.