Abstract
Symptoms of recent forest decline were first observed on silver fir (Abies alba) in the early 1970s in “clean-air” areas of southern Germany; they have subsequently been described in the early 1980s for Norway spruce (Picea abies) and recently broad-leaved trees such as European beech (Fagus sylvatica). The history of forest decline is discussed with emphasis on symptomatology, development and distribution. After a discription of results of recent surveys of tree injury, indicating an increase in the occurrence of decline, attempts will be made, by exploiting knowledge of pollutant emissions and deposition, to deduce the possible causes of European forest decline.
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