Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus Bark Mixture Extraction

Abstract

One of the most important by-products generated in the forestry industry is the bark obtained during the debarking process. Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.) are the main important tree species exploited in the Chilean forestry industry. The bark of P. radiata D. Don is an interesting source of extracts, rich in condensed tannins, with potential uses in biopolymer and bioadhesive preparation. Conversely, the E. globulus bark extracts are rich in hydrolyzable tannins with few applications. Nevertheless, the forest industry generates a high volume of these by-products, simultaneously. Then, it is interesting to determine a suitable process for the joint valorization of both forest by-products at a large scale. In this work, alkaline extraction (NaOH and Na2SO3) was performed at a pilot scale of a mixture of E. globulus and P. radiata barks prepared at different ratios (0%–100%). The effect of bark mixture composition on the resulting extract’s properties was evaluated. All extracts were characterized according to their chemical composition by FTIR-ATR, MALDI-TOF, and molecular weight distribution (GPC). In addition, the Stiasny number was tested to determine the potential use of extracts in bioadhesive formulation. The self-condensation reaction of resulting extracts was studied using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Automated Bond Evaluation System (ABES) techniques. Results show a good interaction between condensed and hydrolyzable tannins from both species’ barks. It also demonstrated the potential application of the obtained extracts, for a bark ratio of 50:50, in the formulation of bioadhesives for particleboard manufacture. The obtained product showed a similar performance to that of the bioadhesive formulated with the extract obtained using only P. radiata bark.