Forest Biome: Trees of Life

Abstract

Nearly one third of the Earth's terrestrial surface are covered by forests of some type, the world's largest terrestrial biome. Forests collectively cleanse the air we breathe; purify our drinking water; play a vital role in regulating regional and global climatic processes; support at least half of all terrestrial species on Earth, especially in the tropics; and provide economic, spiritual, and cultural benefits for millions of people worldwide. Global rates of deforestation and forest degradation have slowed recently based on country-specific reporting overseen by the Food and Agriculture Organization. However, the alarming loss of primary (unlogged) forests remains a global concern (e.g., Global Forest Watch). Gains in forest cover from tree planting do not offset losses. Thus, international initiatives (e.g., UN Sustainability Goals and REDD+ Programme, Convention on Biological Diversity, Paris Climate Agreement) along with national/regional conservation need to protect remaining primary forests and intact forest landscapes while restoring primary forests through “proforestation.”