Foreshadowing, Duplication, and Structural Unity in Mariano Azuela's Los de Abajo

Abstract

C RITICS have generally considered Mariano Azuela's Los de abajo to be a loosely structured, episodic work consisting of a series of essentially unordered and unrelated scenes and incidents.' The original (1916) subtitle of the novel, Cuadros y escenas de la Revoluci6n Mexicana,2 and the fact that the work first appeared in 1915 in serial form in an El Paso, Texas, newspaper lent credence to such a view. Azuela himself described his novel as una