Forensic importance of gunshot residue analysis: A review

Abstract

When a firearm is shot, apart from the bullet, a mass of particulates, called gunshot residue is thrust out. Chemically, the mass is composed of a legion of elements, ions and molecules. It travels both in forward and lateral directions. The portion of the residue which is pushed forward spawns a pattern on the target surface which received the shot; the portion which extrudes laterally settles down on the person of the shooter, mainly on the hand that held the gun, but also on hair and garments. Herein lies the forensic importance of gunshot residue: The analysis of the pattern on the target reveals the range of fire, while detection of particles on the body of shooter places him or her at the crime scene.