Abstract
Aim To evaluate the forensic application values of 19 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in canines. Methods The 19 STR loci in two canine groups (Pembroke Welsh Corgis, n = 200; Shiba Inus, n = 175) were analysed by the capillary electrophoresis platform. The allele frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated, and the genetic relationships between these two canine groups and a previously reported Labrador group were analysed. Results These two canine groups conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at all STRs except for locus VGL3438 in the Pembroke Welsh Corgi group, and there was no linkage disequilibrium among pairwise loci at the 19 STRs. All STRs were polymorphic in the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and Shiba Inu groups, of which the locus C38 had the highest polymorphism. And it was found that the genetic relationship between the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and Labrador groups were closer in the three canine groups (Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Shiba Inu and Labrador). Conclusion The 19 STR loci had high genetic polymorphisms and forensic application values in Pembroke Welsh Corgi and Shiba Inu groups.
Highlights
In recent years, it has been found that the study of nonhuman DNA genetic polymorphism has great significance for case investigation in the forensic practice, especially for canine which is closely related to human
A total of 165 alleles were observed at 19 short tandem repeats (STR) loci in 200 purebred Pembroke Welsh Corgis with the allele frequency distributions from 0.0025 to 0.8325 (Table 1), and 180 alleles were in the Shiba Inu group with the allele frequency distributions from 0.0029 to 0.6371 (Table 2)
PEZ21 and vWF.X were the lowest number of alleles in the Pembroke Welsh Corgi group, so were FH2010 and vWF.X in the Shiba Inu group
Summary
It has been found that the study of nonhuman DNA genetic polymorphism has great significance for case investigation in the forensic practice, especially for canine which is closely related to human. Caninerelated cases are increasing rapidly, such as cruelty to animal, attack on people or animal, involvement in crime scene, property damage, and the identification of lost pet. In 1999, Schneider et al used mitochondrial DNA as case evidence that were extracted from canine hair [1]. In 2002, Padar et al analysed short tandem repeats (STR) loci to detect a case involving a Hungarian canine which attacked a child to death [2]. In 2016, Barrientos et al reported a robbery and homicide case in which highly degraded DNA was extracted from canine stool samples [3]. In 2017, a fatal attack case was solved with canine genetic markers by Ciampolini et al [4]
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