Foreign Bodies in Lower Airways in Children 1–3 Years Old

Abstract

The common symptoms of foreign body aspiration (FBA) include coughing, wheezing, choking, and respiratory distress. Physical examination may reveal abnormal respiratory sounds, such as wheezing or stridor, as well as signs of respiratory distress, such as increased respiratory rate, retractions, and nasal flaring. A chest X-ray is often the initial imaging modality used to evaluate foreign body aspiration. Bronchoscopy is considered the gold standard for both diagnosis and removal of foreign bodies in the airways. The diagnosis of foreign body aspiration in children aged 1–3 years requires a comprehensive approach that includes clinical evaluation, radiological imaging, and bronchoscopy. If the foreign body (FB) is causing significant airway obstruction, respiratory distress, or if it is not spontaneously expelled, a prompt removal of the foreign body is necessary. The most immediate and significant complication of foreign body aspiration is airway obstruction. In some cases, foreign body aspiration can lead to long-term complications, such as chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) or bronchiectasis. Foreign body aspiration in children can have a significant psychological impact on parents and caregivers. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of these potential complications associated with flexible bronchoscopy in foreign bodies in children. Careful patient selection, expertise in the procedure, and appropriate monitoring can help minimize these risks.