FORECASTING OF PREECLAMPSIA DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most important problems in modern obstetrics. Togetherwith obstetric bleeding and septic conditions, it constitutes the so-called «fatal triad»,and in 18 % of cases it is the cause of antenatal fetal death.The аim of the research – to study the risk factors for preeclampsia development.Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 48 women with PE (main group).Of them, 20 were with mild PE (group I), 16 had a moderate PE (group II), 12womenwere with severe PE (group III). The control group included 20 healthy pregnant women.The severity degree of PE was judged by clinical data and laboratory examination results.The state of the intrauterine fetus was assessed according to the data of cardiotocography,ultrasound diagnostics, the biophysical profile of the fetus, doplerometry.Results. In pregnant women with PE, the frequency of a burdened obstetric andgynecological history (52.08 %) was significantly higher than in the control group (5 %)(p<0.01). It is noteworthy that PE developed more often in primigravida – 30 (62.5 %)and in young women – 10 (20.83 %). In 30 examined women (62.5 %) PE proceededagainst a background of extragenital pathology. In pregnant women of the main groupwith diseases of kidneys (20 (41.67 %)), cardiovascular system (15 (31.25 %)), metabolicdisorders (12 (25 %)) henceforth PE of moderate and severe degree has developed. Inwomen with severe PE, the frequency of complications of pregnancy and childbirth istwice as high as in women with moderate PE (p<0.05).Conclusions. A prerequisite for PE is a dysfunction of the hypothalamic- pituitary-ovariansystem. PE is more common in young women and in nulliparous women. Women with PE areat risk for miscarriage. Chronic kidney disease, vascular and endocrine pathology, metabolicsyndrome can be considered to be the main risk factors for PE development. The course ofpregnancy and childbirth in women with PE is accompanied by the development of variouscomplications. The greater the PE severity, the greater the frequency of complications.