Forearmed is forewarned: A prospective intervention observational time-series study of patient empowerment for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous access.

Abstract

Ultrasound (US) is a valuable adjunct to improve the success rates of difficult peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) insertions but is usually clinician initiated. The present study assessed for any change in clinician practice resulting from interventions aimed at empowering patients to advocate for early use of US if they self-identified as having difficult PIVC access. This was a prospective observational time-series study using a rapid quality improvement (RQI) framework. Three ED waiting room intervention strategies (printed media, video and wristband) were tested over three 2-week periods at a large teaching hospital. The impact of each intervention was assessed at eight time points during each intervention and compared to a pre-intervention baseline period using trend and time-series analysis. A total of 1611 PIVC insertions were surveyed over 42 time points. The proportion of US-guided PIVC insertions was highest during Intervention 3 (wristbands; 5.5%) but all proportions remained below baseline (6.5%). Trend analysis identified an increasing frequency of US use during Intervention 1 (printed media, P=0.01). However, no statistically significant trends were observed within the periods. This is the first prospective study to assess the effect of various interventions to empower patients to self-identify as having difficult PIVC access and advocate for the use of US-guidance. The present study was indeterminate: no intervention tested in the present study noticeably influenced clinical practice, potentially attributable to the study design and confounding factors. This innovative study serves as a pilot for future research into patient empowerment, which is currently lacking in the literature.