Abstract

BackgroundA prerequisite for the successful design and use of robots in neurosurgery is knowledge of the forces exerted by surgeons during neurosurgical procedures. The aim of the present cadaver study was to measure the surgical instrument forces exerted during microneurosurgery.MethodsAn experimental apparatus was set up consisting of a platform for human cadaver brains, a Leica microscope to provide illumination and magnification, and a Quanser 6 Degrees-Of-Freedom Telepresence System for tissue manipulation and force measurements.ResultsThe measured forces varied significantly depending on the region of the brain (P = 0.016) and the maneuver performed (P < 0.0001). Moreover, blunt arachnoid dissection was associated with greater force exertion than sharp dissection (0.22 N vs. 0.03 N; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe forces necessary to manipulate brain tissue were surprisingly low and varied depending on the anatomical structure being manipulated, and the maneuver performed. Knowledge of such forces could well increase the safety of microsurgery. © 2014 The Authors. The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Highlights

  • The evolution of neurosurgery has been towards increasingly precise, delicate and safe surgical technique

  • A prerequisite for the successful design and use of such robots is knowledge of the surgical instrument forces exerted by surgeons during neurosurgical procedures

  • The advent of surgical robotics may in turn allow, for the first time, the forces exerted during neurosurgical procedures to be routinely recorded [1,2,3,4]

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Summary

Introduction

The evolution of neurosurgery has been towards increasingly precise, delicate and safe surgical technique. A prerequisite for the successful design and use of such robots is knowledge of the surgical instrument forces exerted by surgeons during neurosurgical procedures. The advent of surgical robotics may in turn allow, for the first time, the forces exerted during neurosurgical procedures to be routinely recorded [1,2,3,4]. The corollary is that expert performances might be analyzed to determine the optimal force ranges utilized when performing robot-assisted neurosurgical procedures, providing quantitative feedback to trainees to further their development, and allowing for the possibility of force limits to be set to improve surgical safety [4]. A prerequisite for the successful design and use of robots in neurosurgery is knowledge of the forces exerted by surgeons during neurosurgical procedures. The aim of the present cadaver study was to measure the surgical instrument forces exerted during microneurosurgery

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