Abstract
Interactions between silica surfaces across isopropanol solutions are measured with colloidal probe technique based on atomic force microscope. In particular, the influence of 1:1 electrolytes on the interactions between silica particles is investigated. A plethora of different forces are found in these systems. Namely, van der Waals, double-layer, attractive non-DLVO, repulsive solvation, and damped oscillatory interactions are observed. The measured decay length of the double-layer repulsion is substantially larger than Debye lengths calculated from nominal salt concentrations. These deviations are caused by pronounced ion pairing in alcohol solutions. At separation below 10 nm, additional attractive and repulsive non-DLVO forces are observed. The former are possibly caused by charge heterogeneities induced by strong ion adsorption, whereas the latter originate from structuring of isopropanol molecules close to the surface. Finally, at increased concentrations the transition from monotonic to damped oscillatory interactions is uncovered.
Highlights
Forces between surfaces immersed in liquids are important in many natural and technological processes
Interactions between silica surfaces across isopropanol solutions are measured with colloidal probe technique based on atomic force microscope
Recent advancement in the force probing techniques, such as surface force apparatus (SFA), colloidal probe technique based of atomic force microscopy (AFM), and optical tweezers enable routine surface force measurements with high precision and excellent reproducibility [7–9]
Summary
Forces between surfaces immersed in liquids are important in many natural and technological processes. Water is the most important natural solvent, processes in nonaqueous media are interesting in view of technological as well as some natural processes An example of such a process includes ceramics processing where organic polar media, such as alcohols or ketones, are used for milling and homogenization of ceramic powder mixtures, which permit production of highquality complex ferroelectric or structural materials [16,17]. Another example of a process using nonaqueous solvents is printing of materials in two-dimensional or three-dimensional (3D) shapes.
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