Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) responds to repeated mechanical loading in a rate-dependent manner. Evidence indicates that high rate loading is detrimental to disc health while low rate loading may have protective effects. This may be explained by differences in nutrient transport that result from rate dependent deformation of the IVD. Low rate loading may enhance nutrient transport into the IVD via forced convection (bulk flow), whereas at higher rates there is little disc deformation and minimal bulk flow.
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