Forced convection boundary layer flow in a thin nanofluid film on a stretching sheet under the effects of suction and injection

Abstract

ABSTRACT The forced convection thin-film hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with heat transfer is investigated in the present study. The effect of the suction and injection is considered. The concerned hybrid nanoparticles are copper and alumina which are dissolved in blood base fluid. Suitable similarity variables are applied to convert the nonlinear governing partial differential equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions into a set of ordinary differential equations. The MATLAB solver bvp4c is utilized to solve the similarity transformed governing equations numerically. There exists a great agreement when the present computed findings are compared with the published results for a limiting condition. Dual solutions are obtained for the velocity and temperature profiles. Conflict behavior is observed for the effect of the unsteadiness parameter and mass transfer parameter on both solutions of the velocity and temperature distributions. The increment of the mass transfer parameter has enhanced the velocity profile in the injection case, while an opposite trend is detected in the suction situation.