Force sensing and cooling for the mechanical membrane in a hybrid optomechanical system

Abstract

A study on force sensing and cooling for the mechanical membrane in a dissipative optomechanical system (OMS) with a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and an optical Kerr medium is presented. The optimal phase angle can contribute to achieve much better force sensing than the case of the arbitrary phase angle. Specifically, at the blue detuning between the cavity field and the input laser the coexistence of the OPA and the Kerr medium plays an important role in improving the force sensitivity over the case of a bare OMS, while at the red detuning the bare OMS demonstrates more effective force sensitivity than the case of the coexistence of the OPA and the Kerr medium. The coexistence of the OPA and the Kerr medium is helpful to achieve more stable force sensitivity, which results from the change of the normalized cavity detuning having little effect on the force sensitivity of the system. In addition, for the existence of only nonlinear gain of the OPA, the study shows that at the blue detuning the temperature of the mechanical membrane can be achieved more effectively than in the case of the bare OMS, while at the red detuning, with increasing value of the nonlinear gain of the OPA, the cooling of the membrane is weakened. For the existence of the Kerr medium, at continuous detuning the effective temperature of the mechanical membrane is below the temperature of the environment. In quantum engineering, this scheme may have potential applications in precision measurement and quantum manipulation.