Abstract
This chapter explores foraging behavior. Animals selectively choose where, on what, and how long to forage. They eat to acquire energy and nutrients for survival and reproduction. Animals find food using a variety of sensory modalities. Natural selection favors modalities that efficiently give information, but a modality's efficiency can vary with environmental conditions. On the other hand, predators learn to how to locate difficult prey. The chapter explains optimal foraging theory (OFT), which assumes that natural selection favors feeding behaviors that maximize fitness. The chapter also includes the optimal diet model wherein the profitability of a food item is assessed. Additionally, the optimal patch-use model predicts how long a foraging animal should exploit a food patch.
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