Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects domestic livestock population of India causing heavy economic losses to the animal owners. Clinical form of the disease is readily noticed in susceptible livestock population mainly cattle, buffalo and pigs but saliently maintained in carrier animals. Foot-and-mouth disease control programme (FMDCP) is run in India by adopting series of measures from clinical diagnosis of the disease in the field, to sending clinical samples for laboratory diagnosis and till selection of vaccine candidates. Vaccines are used to cover all the susceptible livestock population. This is expected to minimise economic losses to the livestock owners due to the disease. The Government of India has been carrying out intensive FMDCP in a phase wise manner since 2003–2004 and subsequently by 2017–2018; it has covered all the districts of the country. The FMDCP is intending to vaccinate all the susceptible livestock population of the country such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs. That exercise was adopted to make the country free of the disease till 2025–2030. Directorate on FMD is functioning untiringly in this regard and International center on FMD has been set up to serve the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region. In the present chapter merits and shortfalls in the Foot-and-mouth disease prevention and control strategy will be discussed.

Highlights

  • Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important viral diseases of large ruminants in India [1]

  • Due to heavy morbidity in susceptible livestock population and negative social and economic impact of the Foot-and-mouth disease, Indian government has started progressive control pathway for FMD according to the protocols given by Office InYteorunactaionnaflree-edleys-aEcpcizeosostitehse(OchIEa)p/tFeoroadtatnhdeaWgriecubltVurieeworegranhiesartei.on (FAO) to minimise losses [17]

  • Vaccines and vaccination for Foot-and-mouth disease in India In India, Directorate of FMD located at Mukteshwar in the state of Uttarakhand and its collaborating and regional centers across the country are involved in continuous survey, monitoring and collection of clinical samples for virus typing and isolation from susceptible livestock population during the disease outbreaks

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Summary

Introduction

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important viral diseases of large ruminants in India [1]. FMD affects mainly cattle, buffalo and pig population of the country producing severe symptoms. It can infect sheep, goats and captive and free-range wildlife population [2–5]. The disease is caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) classified in the genus Aphthovirus in the family Picornaviridae. It is a highly contagious viral disease transmitted mainly by close contact and through aerosols and respiratory. Presence of FMDV infection in India, dates back to as early as 1864 and thereafter it has been reported from many parts of the country [6]. This chapter tries to summarise India’s efforts to prevent and control FMD

Livestock census and contribution of livestock in the Indian economy
Literacy and its impact in the epidemiology of FMD in India
Foot-and-mouth disease control programme in India
Vaccines and vaccination for Foot-and-mouth disease in India
Reduction in Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks reported in India
Discussion
Findings
Conclusions
Conflict of interest
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