Food waste hydrochar: An alternate clean fuel for steel industry

Abstract

The growing global demand for steel and its significant environmental and economic consequences highlight the need for sustainable, eco-friendly fuel alternatives. The energy-intensive steel production process generates substantial greenhouse gas emissions, aggravating climate change and environmental degradation. Utilizing food waste-derived fuels presents a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Converting food waste into valuable energy resources not only tackles waste disposal issues but also reduces carbon emissions and the industry's reliance on finite energy sources, promoting circular economy principles and sustainable development. The current study aims to build knowledge of hydrochar potential from the food waste as a clean fuel for the steel industry replacing the conventional non-renewable energy resources. The benefits and limitations of utilizing hydrochar as a fuel, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a circular economy is comprehensively presented. In addition, the study analyzes the equipment and technology requirements for producing and post-treating hydrochar and the potential applications in the steel industry. The key stakeholders and their contribution towards promoting the adoption and implementation of hydrochar as a fuel is proposed. The paper further discusses the challenges and limitations of such conversion technology, including the costs, the energy efficiency, the compatibility with the existing infrastructure, and the regulatory considerations. Finally, the study presents the recommendations for future research and development, investment opportunities, and action to promote the adoption and implementation of hydrochar as a clean fuel for the steel industry. Overall, this study conclusively provides insights into the potential of food waste hydrochar as a sustainable and cost-effective fuel and highlights the importance of collaboration and engagement of stakeholders in realizing this potential for the steel industry.