Abstract
Abstract. The central dry zone area of Myanmar is the most water stressed and also one of the most food insecure regions in the country. In the Dry Zone area, the total population is 10.1 million people in 54 townships, in which approximately 43 % live in below poverty line and 40–50 % of the rural population is landless. Agriculture is the most important economic sector in Myanmar as it is essential for national food security and a major source of livelihood for its people. In this region the adverse effects of climate change such as late or early onset of monsoon season, longer dry spells, erratic rainfall, increasing temperature, heavy rains, stronger typhoons, extreme spatial-temporal variability of rainfall, high intensities, limited rainfall events in the growing season, heat stress, drought, flooding, sea water intrusion, land degradation, desertification, deforestation and other natural disasters are believed to be a major constraint to food insecurity. For food vulnerability, we use following indicators: slope, precipitation, vegetation, soil, erosion, land degradation and harvest failure in ArcGIS software. The erosion is influenced by rainfall and slope, while land degradation is directly related to vegetation, drainage and soil. While harvest failure can be generate by rainfall and flood potential zones. Results show that around 45 % study area comes under very high erosion danger level, 70 % under average harvest failure, 59 % intermediate land degradation area and the overall around 45 % study area comes under insecure food vulnerability zone. Our analysis shows an increase in alluvial farming by 1745.33 km2 since 1988 to reduce the insecure food vulnerability. Food vulnerability map is also relevant to increased population and low income areas. The extreme climatic events are likely increase in frequency and magnitude of serious drought periods and extreme floods. Food insecurity is an important thing that must be reviewed because it relates to the lives of many people. This paper is helpful for identifying the areas of food needs in central dry zone area of Myanmar.
Highlights
The world‟s population is expected to grow almost 10 billion by 2050, boosting agricultural demand – in a scenario of modest economic growth – by some 50 percent compared to 2013
Around 45% study area comes under very high erosion danger level due to lose soil, sparse vegetation and uncertain rain intensity
We find that almost 70% central dry zone area comes under middle type of harvest failure; this is increase high food insecurity
Summary
The world‟s population is expected to grow almost 10 billion by 2050, boosting agricultural demand – in a scenario of modest economic growth – by some 50 percent compared to 2013. The vulnerabilities of many farming communities are increasingly complex as Myanmar undergoes unprecedented political, social and environmental changes, making the design of impactful development interventions. 1. The demographics of Myanmar's Dry Zone, showing the population density of townships and distribution of landless households. Remote sensing and GIS technology can help to access food insecurity through satellite data and socio-economic data such as soil condition/thickness, rate of erosion and harvest/crop failure. The analyst will know the locations that are vulnerable for experiencing food insecurity and it will help the local government to distribute the food needs for the community based on the analysis. The main objective of this research work is (1) build a model for food security through remote sensing and GIS, (2) identify the different levels of food insecurity, (3) identify the different parameters, which used to identify food insecurity, (4) identify most influential factors of food insecurity and (5) identify location distribution of food insecurity in the study area
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