Abstract

Kazakhstan has a large reserve of natural resources to provide the food self-sufficiency with domestic production. It could be three times more than population needs. However, Kazakhstan depends on food import and the agricultural sector accounts for 5% of GDP only. The actual poverty is higher than official data indicate, and it’s about four times more in rural areas where 46% of population resides and one-fifth of the working-age population is employed. Women represent the majority among the poor and unemployed and face unequal treatment in labor market and burden of larger unpaid household workload. All of this decreases women’s purchasing power, lowering economic access to quality food. This paper examines the interaction of gender inequality and food insecurity, applying the growth constraints analysis and engendering this approach and the empirical research on Karaganda oblast. It argues that gender inequality and rural poverty are linked to high economic costs and constraints in agriculture development and food security attainment.

Highlights

  • Kazakhstan is one of the top 9 countries in the world in terms of agricultural land and among 12 leading wheat exporters

  • Actual poverty is higher than official data, since the estimation of poverty line by the Kazakhstan Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population does not correspond to international standards

  • Kazakhstan is dependent from food import [44]

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Summary

Introduction

Kazakhstan is one of the top 9 countries in the world in terms of agricultural land and among 12 leading wheat exporters. This paper focuses on gender dimension of economic issues needed to address gender inequality that continues to persist It argues that gender equality is an important prerequisite to provide the food security. It studies various economic transformation aftereffects under transition to identify their impact to rural people’s well-being and food security. The paper examines food security issue in Kazakhstan through identification of gender differences in economic, social, and physical access to food. It focuses on causes of gender distinctions and the extent to which they can affect agricultural growth and food security [7]. The study concludes that “more equal gender relations within household and communities lead to better agricultural and development outcomes including increases in farm productivity and improvements in family nutrition” [8]

Gender and macroeconomics: overview
Growth constraints analysis
Time use analysis
Food security
Findings
Conclusions

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