Abstract
Background: Little evidence exists on the relationship between diet-related factors and child/adolescent malnutrition in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the associations between household food insecurity (HFI), dietary diversity (DD), and dietary patterns (DP) with the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among 6–19-year-olds in two Nigerian States. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 1200 respondents (6–19 years in age) in the Gombe and Osun States of Nigeria. HFI was assessed using the HFI access scale. DD was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. DP were determined by principal component analysis using a 30-day food frequency questionnaire. DP scores were categorized into quartiles (Q) for statistical analysis. Diet-related predictors of DBM were assessed using logistic regression. Results: HFI was experienced by 568 (47.3%) respondents. The median DD score was 7.0 (maximum of 14). Two DPs were identified, diversified DP (DDP) and traditional DP (TDP). TDP was significantly associated with both thinness (Q4:OR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.52–5.55; Ptrend: 0.002) and overweight/obesity (Q4:OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.43–4.35; Ptrend: 0.007), while DDP was inversely related with thinness (Q4:OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21–0.61; Ptrend: 0.008) as compared to Q1. Conclusions: TDP increased the odds for DBM, while the DDP reduced the odds.
Highlights
There has been a steady rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in all regions of the world
In a study that assessed the worldwide trend in the nutritional status of 24.1 million children between the ages of 5–17 years from 1975 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight was observed to have been reduced in virtually all regions, except for South Asia, Central Africa, East Africa, and West Africa [2]
The present study aims to address the evidence gap highlighted above: it aimed to assess household food security, dietary diversity and dietary patterns in relation to underand over-nutrition among school-aged children and adolescents in two selected states in Nigeria located in two different parts of the country (North and South)
Summary
There has been a steady rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in all regions of the world. Prevalence rates in the range of 10–40% for overweight/obesity were reported in selected high-income countries among 15-year-old adolescents [1]. Despite the rising prevalence of overweight/obesity in sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of underweight children still remains high. In a study that assessed the worldwide trend in the nutritional status of 24.1 million children between the ages of 5–17 years from 1975 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight was observed to have been reduced in virtually all regions, except for South Asia, Central Africa, East Africa, and West Africa [2]. This study aimed to assess the associations between household food insecurity (HFI), dietary diversity (DD), and dietary patterns (DP) with the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among 6–19-year-olds in two Nigerian States. Conclusions: TDP increased the odds for DBM, while the DDP reduced the odds
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