Food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice among fish retailers in the Ho central market of Ghana

Abstract

Fish is among the most readily available and affordable sources of animal proteins and forms an integral part of Ghanaian cuisine. Improper handling constitutes one of the primary sources of deterioration and contamination of fish. Evaluating knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of food safety in food handling is essential to minimizing foodborne diseases. This study aimed to assess the KAP of local market fish retailers in the Ho Central Market of Ghana due to their vital role in maintaining fish safety. Using a structured questionnaire; data were collected from 169 fish retailers on the food safety KAP of handling fish. Results of the study revealed that fish retailers had a satisfactory level of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward food safety. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed a significant difference for fish retailers with medical examination certificates on knowledge (Wilks=0.68, F=2.52, p˂0.01) and practice (Wilks=0.81, F=3.23, p˂0.01), and training and practice (Wilks=0.83, F=2.71, p˂0.01). Positive correlations were seen between mean knowledge score and attitudes score (p < 0.001, rs =0.33), between attitude score and practices score (p < 0.001, rs =0.49), and between knowledge score and practices score (p < 0.001, rs =0.41). The study identified fish retailers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of food safety to be satisfactory. However, some practices were difficult to adhere to due to a lack of basic amenities to facilitate hygienic practices. The study recommends improving basic amenities to promote hygienic practices in the local market.