Abstract
The food availability and dietary behaviours in Greenland have changed with increasing Westernisation. Food reward is an important driver of food choice and intake, which has not previously been explored in the Arctic population. The aim of this study was to explore differences in food reward after a four-week intervention period with a traditional Inuit diet (TID) or Westernised diet (WD) in Inuit populations in Northern and Western Greenland. This cross-sectional analysis included 44 adults (n = 20 after TID and n = 24 after WD). We assessed the food reward components, explicit liking and implicit wanting, using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire under standardised conditions 60 min after drinking a glucose drink as part of an oral glucose tolerance test after four weeks following a TID or WD. The food intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. The intervention groups differed only in implicit wanting for high-fat sweet foods, with higher implicit wanting among the participants following TID compared to WD. Both groups had lower explicit liking and implicit wanting for sweet relative to savoury foods and for high-fat relative to low-fat foods. This exploratory study can guide future studies in Inuit populations to include measures of food reward to better understand food intake in the Arctic.
Highlights
Introduction iationsThe Arctic Inuit populations have survived in a food landscape characterised by limited arable land and a short summer growing season
One Westernised diet (WD) participant was excluded from the analyses of implicit wanting because the reaction times for choosing an image were
The results indicate acterised as high in fat sweet tasteliking compared to the other three categories (Figthat the participants hadwith lower explicit and implicit wanting forfood foods characterised ure and as high in fat with sweet taste compared to the other three food categories (Figure 4 and and implicit wanting (B, n = 43) for the four combined food categories: high-fat savoury foods and implicit wanting (B, n=43) for the four combined food categories: high-fat savoury foods (HFSA), foods (LFSA), high-fat sweet foodsfoods (HFSW), and low-fat sweet foods (LFSW)
Summary
The Arctic Inuit populations have survived in a food landscape characterised by limited arable land and a short summer growing season. These populations have primarily been dependent on fishing and hunting wild animals. The changes in food-related behaviour among the Arctic Inuit populations are not well established and need further investigation. The traditional foods of the Greenlandic diet include local fish and other sea food (e.g., salmon, halibut, and trout), marine mammals (e.g., seal, whale, and walrus), wild terrestrial animals (e.g., caribou and musk ox), and game birds (e.g., guillemot, and eider ducks and their eggs) [1]. The availability of European foods has been limited
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