Food-related oral discomfort: A cross-sectional survey assessing the sensory dimension of oral discomfort in French independently living adults.

Abstract

Discomfort encountered during oral processing may cause food avoidance and increase the risk of malnutrition in older adults. The aim of the present survey was to explore the relationships between oral health and the oral discomfort experienced while eating in senior people. In a cross-sectional study, oral discomfort was assessed in a sample of 119 independently living participants aged between 35 and 81years. Statistical analyses were used to identify categorical variables associated with food-related oral discomfort, including age, oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL), saliva secretion, occluding support, oral diseases and denture use. Food-related oral discomfort concerned 28.5% of the participants. Within the sample study, the risk of experiencing food-related oral discomfort was increased for participants perceiving average (OR=7.968, CI 95%=2.603-24.381, p=.000) or poor OHQoL (OR=17.109, CI 95%=4.398-66.552, p=.000) and presenting strictly fewer than 7 occlusal functional units (OFUs) (OR=3.396, CI 95%=1.206-9.561, p=.020). Textured foods including fibrous (66.6%), heterogenous (60.6%) and grainy foods (42.4%) were mostly cited as food-related oral discomfort trigger factors. Within the 66-80years group, participants having 0-6 OFUs were four times more likely to experience oral discomfort related to fibrous foods than participants having more than 7 OFUs (OR=4.812, CI 95%=1.192-19.415, p=.024). Within this group, participants having their teeth replaced by denture were also four times more likely to develop oral discomfort related to foods with heterogeneous textures (OR=4.714, CI 95%=1.030-21.562, p=.045) and grainy foods (OR=7.285, CI 95%=1.308-40.568, p=.023) than non-denture wearers. Poor oral health conditions may generate oral discomfort with foods in the elderly especially with fibrous, heterogenous and grainy textures, and thus affect mealtime experience.