Food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis may have distinct phenotypes

Abstract

BackgroundFood protein–induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is a non–immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy, which presents with bloody mucoid stool in infants. Although IgE-mediated allergy and sensitizations to offending foods have been described in other non–IgE-mediated food allergies, it has not been investigated in FPIAP. ObjectiveTo investigate IgE-mediated allergy and sensitization to offending foods in FPIAP. MethodsPatients (n = 204) were retrospectively recruited and grouped as FPIAP (n = 180; FPIAP with or without the symptoms of IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity to offending and nonoffending foods at initial consultation), FPIAP-IgE sensitization to offending foods (n = 17), and FPIAP-transition to IgE-mediated allergy to offending foods (n = 7). The study was performed in accordance with the protocol approved by the local ethical committee of the Hacettepe University. ResultsThe median age of onset of symptoms and the development of tolerance was 2 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1.0-3.0) and 12 months (IQR, 10.0-14.0), respectively, and of the patients with skin prick test or serum specific IgE tests (n = 196), 38 (19.4%) had evidence of IgE sensitization to offending foods at the initial consultation or during follow-up; 17 (8.6%) had IgE sensitization, 7 (3.6%) indicated a transition to IgE-mediated allergy to FPIAP-induced foods. The median age of tolerance development of the FPIAP-transition group (19 months, IQR, 18.0-29.0) was significantly later than that of the FPIAP group (11 months, IQR, 10.0-14.0; P < .001) and the FPIAP-IgE sensitization group (11.0 months, IQR, 9.5-12.0; P < .001). Tolerance was observed within the study period in almost all the patients. ConclusionChildren with FPIAP may have sensitization or develop IgE-mediated allergy over time to offending foods. In addition, IgE sensitization in FPIAP does not have an unfavorable effect on tolerance development; however, the transition to an IgE-mediated phenotype may delay tolerance for a brief time.