Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the food sources of protein and 18 amino acids (AAs) in the average Polish diet. The analysis was conducted based on the 2016 Household Budget Survey (HBS) on the consumption of food products from a representative sample of 38,886 households (n = 99,230). This survey was organized, conducted and controlled by the Central Statistical Office, Social Surveys and Living Conditions Statistics Department in cooperation with the Statistic Office in Łódź based on the recording of expenditures, quantitative consumption, and revenues in budget books for one month. 91 food products from 13 food categories (e.g., meat and meat products, grain products) consisting of 42 food groups (e.g., red meat, milk, cheese) were analyzed to determine protein and amino acid intake from these products. Three categories delivered 80.9% of total protein (meat and meat products: 38.9%; grain products: 23.9%; and milk and dairy products: 18.1%). The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine and valine) were delivered mainly by meat and meat products (39.9%; 41.3% and 37.4%, respectively). Meat and meat products were also the most important source for other essential amino acids (EAAs: lysine 49.2%, histidine 46.6%, threonine 44.7%, tryptophan 41.4%, phenylalanine 35.3%, and methionine 44.2%). In terms of the contribution of the non-essential or conditionally essential amino acids to the average Polish diet, most important were grain products (for cysteine: 41.2%; glutamic acid: 33.8%; proline: 34.1%), and meat and meat products (for tyrosine: 38.3%; arginine: 46.1%; alanine: 48.7%; aspartic acid: 41.7%; glycine: 52.5%; serine: 33.6%). Five clusters were identified to assess the impact of socio-demographic and economic factors on the protein supply. The largest impact was observed for respondent education, degree of urbanization, study month, and usage of agricultural land. The shares of animal food in total protein supply amounted to 66.5% in total population and varied from 56.4% to 73.6% in different clusters.
Highlights
Protein is a very important dietary macronutrient required for life [1,2,3,4,5,6] with various metabolic and physiologic functions, including the regulation of appetite, food intake, body weight, and body composition [7,8]
Sources of protein and 18 amino acids from the main food and beverage categories are shown in Tables 2–6, which appear in this article, and detailed data are presented in Tables S1–S19 in the
Our findings indicated that conditionally essential amino acids (CEAAs) and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) were mainly delivered by meat and grain products to the average Polish diet
Summary
Protein is a very important dietary macronutrient required for life [1,2,3,4,5,6] with various metabolic and physiologic functions, including the regulation of appetite, food intake, body weight, and body composition [7,8]. The requirements for dietary protein are aimed at providing the minima for nine essential amino acids (EAAs) [11,12] or indispensable amino acids (IAAs) [13]. These are necessary for new protein structures and cannot be produced by the human body in physiologically significant amounts, and must be supplied as crucial components of a balanced diet [11,12,13]. Three of the nine EAAs (leucine, valine, and isoleucine) are the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) [12]. To the other amino acids belong 11 conditionally essential amino acids (CEAAs) and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) [12,13]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
