Food Production Strategy and the Protein-Feed Balance

Protecting Animal and Human Health and the Nation’s Food Supply through Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Testing

DR. R. E. SHADE'S evening discourse at the British Association, delivered on September 3, came well within the category of scientific contributions bearing upon social welfare, for it demonstrated the physical possibility of greatly increasing the nation's home-grown food supply, and incidentally of improving soil fertility and of helping to put the much-suffering farmer upon his financial feet. A conspicuous feature of recent agricultural progress has been the recognition of grass as a crop, and how by good management and the use of scientific methods of grass conservation, the productivity of pastures can be immensely increased. 'Early researches on grass as a food for stock were largely confined to hay, and though this form of 'bottled sunshine' is unlikely ever to disappear, the nutrients in grass can be best conserved either as ensilage or as artificially dried grass. No system of cultivating grassland can be adequate unless it takes cognizance of the reaction between the pasture herbage and the grazing animal, for by controlling the time and intensity of grazing or cutting, by judicious manuring, and by timely cultivations, a succession of palatable and nutritious herbage can be maintained throughout the grazing season, and this season can be extended at both ends, that is, in spring and in autumn. The re-discovery by Prof. T. B. Wood and Dr. H. E. Woodman of the high feeding value of leafy, young grass, and the breeding of leafy and highly nutritious strains of indigenous grasses by Prof. R. G. Stapledon and his co-workers at Aberystwyth, have opened up a vista of great possibilities for home agriculture and national food supply.

This study assessed the perceptions of Kentucky consumers regarding the safety of the nation's food supply. Data were collected through a telephone survey of 728 respondents. Overall, most consumers were very or somewhat confident in the nation's food supply. Significant differences were noted among consumers based on age, gender and household income. The most likely locations for food safety problems were identified as food processing plants, followed by restaurants. Respondents that were most confident in the nation's food supply believed food poisoning occurred less frequently than those who were not confident in the food supply. Those consumers who were very confident and somewhat confident in the food supply had a significantly different perception of health risks in food from germs, pesticide residues and preservatives than those who had no confidence in the food supply. Respondents with someone in the household working in the foodservice industry were not significantly different in their confidence of the nation's food supply, or in their opinion of where food safety problems occur, than those who did not. Implications for the foodservice and hospitality industry are discussed.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April announced a series of new measures to phase out all petroleum‐based synthetic dyes from the nation's food supply — a significant milestone in the administration's broader initiative to Make America Healthy Again.

IN the fifteenth Benjamin WTard Richardson Lecture which was delivered on November 10 before the Royal Sanitary Institute, Dr. Gerald Leighton, late Medical Officer of the Department of Health for Scotland, stated that from the public health point of view three conditions are required for the proper supervision of the nation's food supply. In the first place, there must be a concentration and collection at certain centres of large quantities of the food material, so that there may be adequate inspection. Although the necessity of this condition was recognized more than forty years ago by the United States Department of Agriculture, which established a well-regulated system of slaughter houses, Great Britain has been very slow in adopting the system of public abattoirs, the need of which was so strongly urged by Benjamin Ward Richardson himself. The second condition necessary for effective supervision is the supply of a sufficient number of highly trained inspectors. Great progress has been made in this respect during the last twenty years, training for students as meat inspectors being provided by veterinary colleges, some universities and other educational bodies. Lastly, a uniformity of system and practice is essential. The inspectors should be trained to work on a uniform system and to a uniform standard instead of, as in the old days, each inspector being a law to himself. Dr. Leighton then dwelt on the desirability of securing and adopting the most rapid, skilled and humane methods of slaughtering all kinds of animals for human food, a topic which formed part of the life work of Richardson. In conclusion, he expressed the view that in the progress of the supervision of a nation's food, the introduction of legal standards, as in most European countries, America and various parts of the Empire, for the majority of foods is the most important step for future development.

What's new on nutrition labeling at the United States Food and Drug Administration?

NTIL recently, increasing the Nation's food supply to meet war needs has been regarded almost entirely as a production problem. The focal point for securing increased food production has been the farm. Truly, the farmer who plants and harvests a bushel of potatoes or wheat is the cornerstone of the physical process of production. Yet the size of our food supply is not entirely dependent on production. After the farmer produces food, the amount that reaches the consumer depends on the care taken in marketing and using it. Thus, maintaining a bushel of potatoes in sound condition after production may be considered equally as productive as the production of the potatoes. Every bushel of potatoes conserved that otherwise might be spoiled adds to the food supply of the Nation. The 1943 food program anticipated a production increase of about three percent over 1942 production. This anticipated increase may be contrasted with the amount of food waste that ordinarily occurs after production. Such waste has been variously estimated at from 5 to 40 percent of production,1 depending on the commodity in question. The Nutrition and Food Conservation Branch, Food Distribution Administration, estimates the over-all food wastage at 20-30 percent of all food production.2 If any part of this waste is saved, an addition to the Nation's food supply has been made. The Food Distribution Administration is conducting campaigns to encourage consumers and handlers of food to reduce food waste to a minimum. Its program includes, among other activities, the dissemination of educational material on food conservation by way of

Journal of the Society of Chemical IndustryVolume 52, Issue 31 p. 637-640 Article How science can help to improve the Nation's food supply—meat† I. Hammond, I. HammondSearch for more papers by this author I. Hammond, I. HammondSearch for more papers by this author First published: 4 August 1933 https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5000523104Citations: 3 † Read at the Food Groupp session, during the Annual General Meeting of the Society in Newcastle, 1933. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume52, Issue314 August 1933Pages 637-640 RelatedInformation

The key problems in the functioning of the Russian electric power industry are reliability, safety, quality and availability of electricity, environmental impact. Here we aim to: (1) to discuss the results of the reformation and prospects of the electric power industry development and (2) analyze the results of the simplified approach of technological connection of consumers to the network infrastructure. As a tool for increasing the responsibility for the reservation of extra capacity it is proposed to introduce a fee for services in transfer of electric energy on the basis of the amount of maximum power of the appliance. Payment by users is not fully used reserves of capacity will optimize existing network infrastructure to eliminate the construction of networks, rational load of the substation. The solution of the problem is proposed to be carried out on the basis of a differentiated approach and the formation of a mechanism for payment of unused capacity reserve taking into account the operational redistribution of electricity between consumers. The electric power industry needs a full-scale modernization, replacement of economically inefficient obsolete equipment with innovative, supporting the principle of Smart Grid intelligent energy systems. Transition of power engineering to digital technologies is the only possible way of improvement of quality and reliability of power supply and the solution of financial and economic problems of a network complex without growth of tariffs and additional load on consumers.

Whelan rigorously critiques widespread beliefs regarding our nation's health, food supply, and use of technology and chemicals. While bookstore shelves are falling over with alarmist books that claim America is being poisoned and that disease and death will be price we pay for the good life, media has given little attention to facts that Americans are healthier today than ever before and that advances in science are mostly responsible for this improvement.Toxic Terror rejects the bad news syndrome and examines alleged evidence of adverse effects associated with technology. Juxtaposing popular claims with facts, Whelan effectively dispels often-frightening claims made by groups and individuals who have failed to do their homework. Potent political-environmental issues include DDT debate and birth of environmentalism, Love Canal, true story about pesticides, diet and carcinogens, asbestos and PCBs, air and water pollution, nuclear power, and more.

BackgroundPreparing for and responding to foreign animal diseases are critical missions to safeguard any nation's animal health and food supply. A specific challenge of foreign animal disease preparedness and response is the ability to rapidly incorporate and scale-up veterinary functions and countermeasures into emergency management operations during a disease outbreak. The United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services has established a Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP) which provides a framework for FAD preparedness and response. The FAD PReP goal is to integrate, synchronize, and de-conflict preparedness and response capabilities, as much as possible, before an outbreak by providing goals, guidelines, strategies, and procedures that are clear, comprehensive, easily readable, easily updated, and that comply with the National Incident Management System (NIMS). An overview of FAD PReP will be presented.BodyThe APHIS FAD PReP incorporates and synchronizes the principles of the National Response Framework (NRF), the National Incident Management System (NIMS), and the National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS). The FAD PReP contains general plans and disease specific plans that include incident goals, guidelines, strategies, procedures and timelines for local, State, Tribal and Federal responders. The FAD PReP helps raise awareness of the required veterinary functions and countermeasures, helps identify gaps or shortcomings in current response preparedness and planning, and helps to provide a framework to the States, Tribes, and Industry sectors in developing their individual response plans for specific diseases such as HPAI and FMD. The FAD PReP will also identify resources and personnel for potential zoonotic disease outbreaks and large-scale outbreaks, define stakeholder expectations for successful and timely outcomes, identify and resolve issues that may become competing interests during an outbreak and provide a systems approach to preparedness issues that need additional time, attention and collaboration.

The National Bio & Agro-Defense Facility: Protecting the food supply & public health

Abstract—Diseased images can severely reduce agricultural productivity and harm a nation's food supply. Typically, farmers and specialists closely monitor the diseases. It can be labor-intensive, costly, and ineffective. Detecting plant diseases can be achieved by affected leaves. The approach for detecting plant diseases by building a classification model that analyzes leaf images. To identify plant diseases, we utilize image processing alongside a (CNN). CNNs are a class of models capable of takes features from images, make an ideal for recognizing disease patterns in plant leaves. Keywords—CNN, image processing, training set, test set

The veterinary profession is presently challenged with developing and maintaining on-farm biosecurity protocols to protect the nation's food supply from acts of bioterrorism, from the growing threat of foreign animal diseases, and from multidrug resistance among pathogenic organisms. This challenge comes at a time when the supply of food animal veterinarians in the United States is progressively in decline, and raises the possibility that the profession is not adequately prepared to fulfill its responsibilities to the health and productivity of the US livestock and poultry populations. Causes of the decline in demand for veterinary services are discussed. They include consolidation of the food animal industries and a trend toward transferring performance of tasks traditionally carried out by veterinarians to the province of lay staff. This development potentially reduces veterinary surveillance of food animal populations. It also runs the risk of delay in recognizing and controlling serious health problems when they arise. Several remedies are proposed, including profound changes in the curriculum for educating food animal veterinarians to serve the consolidated but vulnerable livestock and poultry industries suitably. Also advocated is the initiation of training programs for herdsmen on the symptoms of foreign animal diseases, together with advice on when to call a veterinarian. Significant investment of federal or state resources will be required if these changes are to become reality.

The early history of the U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries reveals the skill of Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887) in obtaining federal resources for scientific programs. Baird directed this Commission from 1871 to 1887 in addition to undertaking his duties as a senior Smithsonian Institution official. His success in persuading Congress to establish, and then to fund the growth of the commission, revealed the persistence of his lobbying efforts, a personality that appealed to the Congressmen of his day, and Baird's reputation for frugality. His success also reflected the utility of the Fish Commission's efforts to increase the nation's food supply. Nevertheless, Baird adopted a liberal interpretation of the appropriations earmarked for the Commission's practical programs and redirected some of these resources to a pioneering scientific survey of the coastal and oceanic waters of the Northwest Atlantic.