Food habits of Andean bears in the Oyacachi River Basin, Ecuador

Abstract

The Andean bear may be considered an umbrella species in South America because it uses large areas and a wide diversity of habitats. In addition, protection of Andean bear habitats is directly connected to the conservation of watersheds to safeguard future water supplies. Finally, the charisma of the species has been instrumental in improving the public's attitude toward wildlife (Cuesta 1998). However, Andean bears are threatened by habitat loss and conflicts with humans (Suairez 1999). In Ecuador, habitat loss due to agricultural activities has resulted in fragmentation and isolation of bear populations (Cuesta et al. 1999, Suairez 1999), whereas poaching has contributed to population reductions. Annual bear mortality due to poaching is estimated at 70-120 individuals (Adams and Mazariegos 1994 in Suarez 1999). Information about the ecology of Andean bears is crucial to provide a more solid basis for bear conservation. Diet studies provide such important information. Our study objective was to improve the knowledge of the ecology of this species in Ecuador by examining Andean bear diets in the Oyacachi area and the habitats that provide those foods.