Food deprivation in F0 generation and hypercaloric diet in F1 generation reduce F2 generation astrogliosis in several brain areas after immune challenge

Abstract

AimsThe effects of maternal food restriction during gestation in F0 generation followed by hypercaloric diet (HD) during puberty in F1 generation (F1HD) were investigated on astrocyte behavior of F2 generation. Also, the astrocyte behavior, after an immune challenge, was examined by the immunohistochemical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in several brain areas. MethodsThe body weight gain (BW) during development and in postnatal day (PND) 90–95, the retroperitoneal fat weight (RPF), and the size of larger and smaller adipocytes in the F1 generation were assessed to observe the effects of HD in female rats. The BW, RPF weight and size of smaller and larger adipocytes was also measured to evaluate the transgenerational effects of F0 and F1 diets on F2 generation, treated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Key findingsThe F1HD group exhibited a higher BW gain than the F1 treated with normocaloric diet (ND, group F1ND), from weaning to PND65. In the frontal/parietal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamic arcuate/periventricular nuclei, molecular/granular layers of the cerebellum areas, excepting the pons, GFAP expression was greater in F1HD group relative to F1ND group. A reduced GFAP expression was observed in both groups born from F1 generation fed with HD (groups F2HDS and F2HDLPS) in relation to F2 generation born from dams fed with ND (groups F2NDS and F2NDLPS), independently of LPS challenge. SignificanceThese data show an attenuation of LPS effect on GFAP expression, probably by a transgenerational effect of both maternal food deprivation in F0 generation and HD in F1 generation.