Abstract
Experimental studies have provided convincing evidence that food bioactive compounds (FBCs) have a positive biological impact on human health, exerting protective effects against non-communicable diseases (NCD) including cancer and cardiovascular (CVDs), metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). These benefits have been associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, and fibres, among others, derived from their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilator properties. Polyphenols as one of the most abundant classes of bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods emerge as a promising approach for the development of efficacious preventive agents against NCDs with reduced side effects. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and deep insights into the potential of polyphenols, from their chemical structure classification and biosynthesis to preventive effects on NCDs, namely cancer, CVDs, and NDDS. The challenge of polyphenols bioavailability and bioaccessibility will be explored in addition to useful industrial and environmental applications. Advanced and emerging extraction techniques will be highlighted and the high-resolution analytical techniques used for FBCs characterization, identification, and quantification will be considered.
Highlights
Program of Master in Clean Technologies, Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Cesumar University—UniCesumar, Parana 87050-390, Brazil
There are many peptides encrypted in the structure of the dietary protein that upon proteolytic cleavage originate molecules such as carnosine, creatine, taurine, or carnitine, just to name a few examples [13]
Classes ring with at least one hydroxyl group and their structure can vary from simple molecules, As condensed in Figure 1, the major food bioactive compounds (FBCs) are those produced by plants and can like phenolic acids, to highly polymerized compounds, such as tannins [25,26]
Summary
In particular, is considered a leading risk factor for illness, death, and disability and it is estimated that one in five deaths are associated with a poor diet [2] For this reason, dietary intervention holds great potential in the prevention, mitigation, or even treatment of the most prevalent NCDs. epidemiological evidence shows that the prevalence of CVDs, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases is lower in populations with diets involving higher ingestion of bioactive compounds, namely the Mediterranean diet [3,4]. Epidemiological evidence shows that the prevalence of CVDs, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases is lower in populations with diets involving higher ingestion of bioactive compounds, namely the Mediterranean diet [3,4] For this reason, “functional foods” containing components that can protect our health are becoming very popular. Emerging sustainable extraction techniques and methodologies for polyphenols quantification will be addressed
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