Abstract
This study aimed to analyze space-time distribution of the prevalence of food and nutritional insecurity (FNI) in the Brazilian Federative Units and their correlation with vulnerability markers. This is an ecological study, with data from the National Household Sample Survey (2004, 2009 and 2013) and Atlas Brazil (2010). A time analysis of the spatial distribution of FNI prevalence was performed. Moran's Index was used in bivariate spatial analysis. The prevalence of FNI have decreased along the years studied and showed a negative and moderate spatial correlation with the Human Development Index; a positive and moderate correlation with the percentage of the extremely poor, child mortality, social vulnerability index, human capital social vulnerability index; and positive and strong correlation with income and work social vulnerability index. We can conclude that there was a lower prevalence of FNI in the analyzed years and that the Brazilian territory showed two distinct patterns: territories with higher FNI prevalence and worse conditions as regards income, work and child health in the North and Northeast; and territories with lower FNI prevalence and lower vulnerability in the Midwest, Southeast and South.
Highlights
The concept of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) was enshrined in the Organic Law on Food and Nutrition Security (LOSAN) defined as the realization of the right of all citizens to access to food regularly and healthily, so that the assurance of this right does not affect other essential needs, respecting cultural diversity, and that is environmentally, economically and socially sustainable[1]
The highest food and nutritional insecurity (FNI) prevalence was found in the North and Northeast, and the highest was in the states of Maranhão (64.6%) and Piauí (58.6%), and the lowest in Rondônia (31.7%) and Amazonas (33.1%)
The FNS strengthening process at the national level begins with the Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) Program, the primary strategy of federal government actions between 2003 and 2004 consisting of several income transfer lines
Summary
The concept of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) was enshrined in the Organic Law on Food and Nutrition Security (LOSAN) defined as the realization of the right of all citizens to access to food regularly and healthily, so that the assurance of this right does not affect other essential needs, respecting cultural diversity, and that is environmentally, economically and socially sustainable[1]. In the early 2000s, 55 million Brazilians lived in poverty, with half a monthly minimum wage per capita, of which 24 million lived on less than a quarter of the minimum wage in conditions of extreme poverty[4]. This setting is a reality of the economic-social structure of the country, which is among the nations with the highest income inequality in the world[5]. This state of poverty, of social vulnerability, hinders the adequate access to safe and nutritious foods, establishing a panorama of high FNI prevalence[6]
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