Food allergy in children: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

Food allergy arises from a specific immune response induced by food exposure. It is the first cause of anaphylaxis in childhood. Its prevalence increased exponentially in western countries. The proteins most frequently involved in infants are cow's milk and hen's egg; and in adults, seafood. Peanuts have the same frequency in both groups. The clinical manifestations and methodology of study are directly related to the pathophysiology of the disease. Clinical history, skin prick test, patch test, and food oral challenge are essential to arrive at a correct diagnosis, that will avoid unnecessary exclusions or exposures that carry life risk. The treatment is based on the correct avoidance of responsible food (considering hidden allergens), besides patient and their care giver's education, to maintain a good quality of life.