Abstract
How harmless food protein becomes recognized by the mucosal immune system as an allergen remains an open question. The pathophysiology of food allergy is characterized by a skewed Th2 response to specific food proteins. More data are needed to explain how regulatory mechanisms of the mucosal immune system fail and result in allergic sensitization to dietary antigens. Gut homeostasis and immunity is a complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune responses. The mucosal immune system is the largest reservoir of immune cells in the body and has an extremely difficult task in distinguishing harmless from harmful antigens, former making majority of signals that mucosal immune system encounters. Normal response of the mucosal immune system to a dietary antigen is an oral tolerance, being in a state of anergy, or a regulated suppression of its immune response.
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