Abstract
Most of the Foods we are having are prone to food fraud and adulteration. Food adulteration is either the addition of a non-food item to increase the quantity of raw or prepared food intentionally or non food substances added accidentally. Food adulteration also includes any poisonous or deleterious substances which may render the food injurious to health. Food adulteration can be either the act of addition, removing valuable food component or substitution of these valuable ingredients with relatively less expensive (cheaper) substances for unfair economic gain. This act of food fraud may be an economic gain for the manufacturer, while it is loss for the final consumers of the products. While buying and serving an adulterated foods, consumers are affected in different ways; they may not getting the intended food nutrients, the adulterated foods may be unsafe for health and it can also be economic loss to the consumers. There are different food known to be prone to adulteration both in our country Ethiopia and the world including milk, meat, injera in our country, Ethiopia, honey, butter, juices, and etc as examples. There was a report through media outlet very recently in Ethiopia about adulteration of injera with saw dust. There are different methods through which food adulteration can be detected. These methods include physical, chemical, biochemical, and other techniques. Detection of food adulterant is more difficult when both adulterant and the food itself have approximately the same physiochemical makeup. Adulterations of food interfere with consumers’ right to get safe and good quality foods. So, all responsible individuals, organization, including government should fulfill their responsibility to protect the act of food adulteration and to expose the identified acts. Moreover, researchers and academia working in different research institute have many gaps to address related to the topic including assessment of the status, identification of foods susceptible for adulteration in the context of the country, development and validation of detection methods and much more.
Highlights
Food is stuff of either plant or animal origin which in raw, processed or semi-processed form will taken in to the body in order to support the different biochemical and physiological activities of our body. These foods are prone to food fraud and adulteration, and put health disorder to consumers
The term food fraud encompasses the deliberate substitution, addition, tampering or misrepresentation of food, food ingredients or food packaging, or false or misleading statements made about a product for economic gain
The natural adulteration is another type of adulteration which could take place in foods due to the presence of different chemicals, organic compounds or radicals naturally occurring in foods which are injurious to health and are not added to the foods intentionally or unintentionally [19]
Summary
Food is stuff of either plant or animal origin which in raw, processed or semi-processed form will taken in to the body in order to support the different biochemical and physiological activities of our body. These foods are prone to food fraud and adulteration, and put health disorder to consumers. Normally most people do not know these foods are adulterated by 25 to 30 percent as implied by the above authors This causes a major impairment for the health these consumers. The issue of adulteration in our country is not less important as compared to other countries, except the fact that there is limited reported literature and research done in the area due to different issues related to awareness, resources, attentions and others. Even the available limited literatures are found in dispersed forms and needed to be collected and compiled in more organized review forms This reviewing of literature concerning such issue is extremely important because, it will make easy to know what have been identified and done so far in the area and to identify gaps for further research. This review paper was prepared by reviewing different sources related to adulteration and put some future line of work, so that it will be focal pints of research for the future
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