Food addiction as a new piece of the obesity framework.

Abstract

Obesity has become a major public health burden worldwide due to the huge social and economic impact derived from its related comorbidities [1]. Excessive body weight has been estimated to account for 16 % of the global burden disease [2] and according to World Health Organization estimates, over 600 million adults are obese worldwide Obesity is described as a multi-etiological disorder and several factors have been shown to be involved in its onset and development [1]. Despite the important progression in the study of obesity, prevalence rates continue to increase, suggesting that additional elements must be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Moreover, even if weight loss programs are effective, keeping the weight off continues to be an almost insurmountable challenge [3]. In this context, new theories are arising regarding food intake. Understanding obesity as a food addiction is a novel approach that has garnered considerable attention. Some studies have shown an association between mood and the overall dietary pattern including specific nutrients [4]. Recent research also shows that palatable and high calorie food may have addictive potential. Subjects chronically eat some foods in amounts larger than needed for staying healthy, which shows a loss of control in food behaviour [5]. Additionally, a 40 % prevalence of food addiction has been shown in obese individuals seeking bariatric surgery [6]. All these traces indicate that there may be a potential relationship between behaviour and weight gain.