Fonoterapia vocal e fisioterapia respiratória com idosos saudáveis: revisão de literatura

Carla Aparecida Cielo,Ariane De Macedo Gomes,Léris Salete Bonfanti Haeffner,Fernanda Dos Santos Pascotini,Vanessa Veis Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/1982-021620161822415

Carla Aparecida Cielo, Ariane De Macedo Gomes + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620161822415

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Abstract

RESUMO Este estudo tem como tema a fonoterapia vocal e a fisioterapia respiratória no idoso saudável. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre fonoterapia vocal e sobre fisioterapia respiratória com idosos saudáveis. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos publicados entre 2004 e 2014 nas bases de dados Lilacs, Bireme, MedLine, PubMed e Scielo. Descritores utilizados: physical therapy specialty; breathing; speech therapy; aged; therapeutics e voice. A literatura sobre fonoterapia vocal com idosos saudáveis mostrou que as intervenções têm sido feitas por meio de orientação vocal; terapia vocal tradicional para presbifonia, independente do tipo de intervenção; exercícios vocais específicos; e programas terapêuticos padronizados, havendo evidências de melhora de medidas vocais perceptivoauditivas, acústicas, de autoavaliação vocal e de imagem laríngea. Quanto à fisioterapia respiratória, a literatura evidenciou que as técnicas ou procedimentos utilizados com idosos saudáveis foram: uso do aparelho Threshold, técnicas de terapia manual, espirometria de incentivo, exercícios respiratórios associados ao movimento do tronco e membros inferiores e atividade física em geral, apresentando evidências de melhora na força muscular respiratória, função pulmonar e autonomia funcional dos idosos.

Highlights

It is estimated that in 2025 about 14% of the population, more than 30 million people, will consist of elderly people[1], demonstrating the necessity and importance of research on the health and on the quality of life of this population
As for respiratory therapy, the literature showed that the techniques or procedures used whit healthy elderly were: used of Thershould machine, manual therapy techniques, incentive spirometry, respiratory exercises associated with the movement of the trunk and lower extremities and physical activity in general, with evidence of improvement in respiratory muscle strength, lung functional and functional autonomy of the elderly
Considering that, this study aimed to review the literature on vocal phonotherapy and on respiratory physiotherapy with healthy elderly people

Summary

Introduction

It is estimated that in 2025 about 14% of the population, more than 30 million people, will consist of elderly people[1], demonstrating the necessity and importance of research on the health and on the quality of life of this population. The larynx, the respiratory system and the orofacial organs are modified at this stage[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Some authors state that the period of voice occurs around 60 years, varying according to individual characteristics[3]. The resulting alterations of aging characterize presbylarynx, observing particular characteristics of this organ as laryngeal ptosis, glottal incompetence, as well as atrophy and reduced thickness, curving and irregularity in the vibration of the vocal folds (PPVV), the voice occurrence of ventricular bands, ossification and calcification of cartilage, fragility of blood vessels with tendency to submucosa hemorrhage[7,8]. The mucous-secreting glands are reduced in number and undergo atrophy, which causes the decrease of the laryngeal lubrication[8]

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