Abstract
The rates of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation have increased significantly since their introduction in 1958. Not only advances in CIED technology but also the expanding number of indications for device therapy, such as the use of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), led to this increase. In parallel, the rate of CIED infection (CIEDI) has increased as well. The probability of CIEDI was higher among patients with ICDs than among those with pacemakers. Infection after CIED implantation remains a major complication with significant morbidity and mortality. Scientific statements from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) both recommend complete device and lead removal in patients with definite CIEDI. In this chapter, data will be presented on reimplantation, recurrent infection and mortality among patients who underwent removal of the infected device and lead system. In addition, strategies to minimize the risk of adverse outcome are presented.
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