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Abstract
Romanticism broke the hierarchical chain of thought permeated into the society of human being and indeed initiated a new and unprecedented process of thought. Morse Peckham has coined the term dynamic organicism and static mechanism to describe and distinguish between these two ways of thoughts. Considering dynamic organicism as the prominent way of thought in romantic era, he subcategorized it into positive and negative romanticism to better illustrates the works of different romantic writers. As a result, he considers the concept of Byronic hero as the way of symbolizing the state of negative romanticism. In a parallel way the concept of Byronic hero can be explored through Nima Yushij's Afsaneh in the context of Persian modern poetry. In this case, Nima Yushij, the father of modern Persian poetry, is believed to have changed the long-establishing way of thinking about poetry by bringing about the same shift of thought as the romantics did. Finally, an attempt is made to prove that Nima's two characters, the lover and Afsaneh, in Afsaneh conveys the same concept of romantic's Byronic hero and spirit respectively.
Highlights
NimaYushij (1897-1960), the father of modernist poetry, was born in a small city named Yush near Rasht
Peckham considers the creation of Romantic hero as the only advantage as "the world, wholly of value, turned once again into a meaningless chaos, but preserved the Self and gave the Self's drive for meaning, order, value, and identity a divine authority. This is the heroic, world-redemptive stage of Romanticism"(PeckhamThe Dilemma of a Century, 2009:19). It means that the romantic’s Byronic hero can never achieve a defined set of value from the existent society because in his view such a society is doomed to failure
Peckham believes that the only thing, the Byronic hero can do is to “imagines himself as creating a model, or paradigm, for the future action of mankind”(ibid)
Summary
NimaYushij (1897-1960), the father of modernist poetry, was born in a small city named Yush near Rasht. Yush is a really beautiful and green village in which Yushij grew up. Everything changed when in 1910 he, along with his brother, was sent to Tehran for education. They were enrolled in a Catholic school named Saint Louis. Later in his adulthood, he described his situation in a letter to one of his friend in this way; “ this place of peace and natural scenery has all of a sudden disappeared. I was separated from my roots I came to this dirty city of Tehran” (Nima Letters, 1984: 105)
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