Abstract
Novel strategic green approaches are urgently needed to raise the performance of plants subjected to stress. Two field-level experimental attempts were implemented during two (2019 and 2020) growing seasons to study the possible effects of exogenous nourishment with selenium dioxide nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on growth, physio-biochemical ingredients, antioxidant defenses, and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) plant growing on a salt-affected soil (EC = 7.55–7.61 dS m−1). At 20, 30, and 40 days from seeding, three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM. The experimental design was accomplished in randomized complete plots. The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray. Conversely, marked lowering in markers of Na+ content-induced oxidative stress (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) and their outcomes in terms of ionic leakage and malondialdehyde were reported by foliar nourishment with Se-NPS compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control. The best results were recorded with Se-NPs applied at 1.0 mM, which mitigated the negative effects of soil salinity (control results). Therefore, the outcomes of this successful study recommend the use of Se-NPs at a rate of 1.0 mM as a foliar spray to grow common beans on saline soils with EC up to 7.55–7.61 dS m−1.
Highlights
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume crop for human food due to its wide range of production of seeds rich in protein content [1,2,3]
Foliar nourishment with selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) positively affected plant performances, as it led to significant elevations in the indices related to plant growth, productivity, and efficiency of photosynthesis comparing with the comparison treatment
Our findings show that the application of Se-NPs improved the leaf anatomical features in salinity-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris plants, indicating that exogenous Se-NPs recovered the deleterious effects of salt stress on the features related to leaf anatomy
Summary
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume crop for human food due to its wide range of production of seeds rich in protein content [1,2,3]. It is classified as a sensitive crop to salt stress [4]. Salinity stress is a major issue of concern for workers in the agricultural sector It negatively influences crop production directly or indirectly. Salinity reduces the chance of plant roots absorbing enough water due to the physiological drought stimulated by salinity, which limits the plants’ growth and productivity performance by inhibiting the metabolism process [7,8]. Plant metabolism is discouraged with salinity due to osmotic stress and Na+
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