Abstract
Adequate integrated management of potato leaf diseases can have an influence on pathogens which are challenging to control and cause main potato tuber diseases. Deriving from this hypothesis, an experiment was designed to evaluate the efficacy of foliar application of twelve fungicides on late blight in tubers, common scab, black scurf and silver scurf. In the period of 2013 to 2017, the fungicides were equally applied six times in registered doses during the growing seasons. Eight tuber disease indicators and eight yield characteristics were then evaluated in harvested tuber samples. Significant differences were found among the fungicides used. In comparison to the negative control (n. c.), the application of Infinito, Ranman Top and Revus Top reduced the quantity of tubers infected by late blight by 72% on average. The incidence of common scab increased by 65% of n. c. under the effect of copper oxychloride, while an average reduction by 19% of n. c. was observed with the use of Acrobat MZ WG, Curzate Gold and Consento. The occurrence of silver scurf was significantly enhanced by Curzate Gold and Consento (105% of n. c.), while it was suppressed by Revus Top and Revus (85% of n. c.). All fungicides were ineffective on black scurf yet had a positive influence on the potato yield and quality, with the choice of fungicide having a great impact on the quality of tubers. The application of any safe fungicide is important, especially in years similar to 2015, which was the most devastating recent year for potato production in terms of structural changes in yield of tubers.
Highlights
Common scab (Streptomyces scabiei Thaxter), silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani Durieu and Mont.) and black scurf
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) detected significant differences between the years within the experimental period
The extreme weather conditions for 2015 had such an anomalous negative influence on the evaluated characteristics that data from that year has been removed when considering statistical analysis of long-term effects of fungicides
Summary
Common scab (Streptomyces scabiei Thaxter), silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani Durieu and Mont.) and black scurf B. Frank) Donk) are soil-borne diseases of potato. Frank) Donk) are soil-borne diseases of potato They have primarily a negative influence on the market quality of tubers (Errampalli et al 2001) together with late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), which is the most important pathogen of potatoes worldwide (Haas et al 2009) and causes annual losses exceeding one billion EUR in the European Union and several billion US dollars worldwide (Haverkort et al 2008). The foliar diseases can be controlled relatively effectively by contact fungicides (e.g., mancozeb, copper oxychloride), the protection against soil pathogens is more difficult. Atkinson et al (2011) verified that seed potato treatments by mancozeb combined with fludioxonil and in-furrow application of azoxystrobin are measures that significantly reduce symptoms of Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf. More reliable strategies for direct protection than the two mentioned above are currently unavailable
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