Folate Status Response to Controlled Folate Intake in Pregnant Women1–4

Abstract

A metabolic study (84-d) was conducted to investigate the folate status response of pregnant subjects (n= 12) during their second trimester and nonpregnant controls (n= 12) to folate intakes approximating the current (400 μg/d) and former (800 μg/d) recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The overall goal of the study was to provide metabolic data to assist in the interpretation of the current RDA for folate. Subjects were fed a controlled diet containing 120 ± 15 μg/d (mean ± SD) folate and either 330 or 730 μg/d synthetic folic acid. Outcome variables between and within supplementation groups were compared at steady state. Serum folate was higher (P≤ 0.05) in pregnant women consuming 850 compared with 450 μg/d (44.6 ± 13.4, 26.3 ± 11.3 nmol/L, respectively, mean ± SD). No differences (P> 0.05) were detected in serum folate between pregnant and nonpregnant women within the same supplementation group. Urinary 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate excretion was greater (P≤ 0.05) in pregnant women consuming 850 compared with 450 μg/d (198.0 ± 100.4, 9.5 ± 3.2 nmol/d, respectively). No differences (P> 0.05) in 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate excretion were detected between pregnant and nonpregnant women within supplementation groups. Differences (P≤ 0.05) were not detected in red cell folate between pregnant women consuming either 450 or 850 μg/d (1452.5 ± 251.8, 1733.5 ± 208.5 nmol/L, respectively) or between pregnant and nonpregnant women consuming 450 μg/d. Our data suggest that 450 μg/d (dietary folate + synthetic folic acid) is sufficient to maintain folate status in pregnant women. This level of intake equates to ∼600 μg/d dietary equivalents, assuming 50 and 75% availability of dietary folate and synthetic folic acid consumed with meals, respectively.