Folate status during pregnancy: relationship with alcohol consumption, other maternal risk factors and pregnancy outcome

Abstract

This study was designed to identify the factors affecting folate status in pregnant women and to explore the relationship between folate status and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. For this purpose, 347 French women were recruited during 1985–1986 on their first visit to the antenatal clinic at Roubaix Hospital (northern France). Alcohol consumption was ascertained by a standardized interview. Folate status assessment was available for 246 pregnant women who were not given folate supplementation. Average folate levels during pregnancy were lower among young women and smokers. Serum folate values diminished with the educational level, and red cell folate values increased with high parity. Unexpectedly, high red cell folate values were strongly related with high alcohol consumption after adjustment for the maternal risk factors associated with alcohol consumption and folate status. This was probably because in the Roubaix region where the study was conducted women consume mostly beer, which contains folates. Pregnancy outcome was not related to folate levels; birthweight was negatively associated with alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy.