Abstract
Cloud Computing provides on-demand computing services like software, networking, storage, analytics, and intelligence over the Internet (“the cloud”). But it is facing challenges because of the explosion of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the volume, variety, veracity and velocity of the data generated by these devices. There is a need for ultra-low latency, reliable service along with security and privacy. Fog Computing is a promising solution to overcome these challenges. The originality, scope and novelty of this paper is the definition and formulation of the problem of smart neighborhoods in context of smart grids. This is achieved through an extensive literature study, firstly on Fog Computing and its foundation technologies, its applications and the literature review of Fog Computing research in various application domains. Thereafter, we introduce smart grid and community MicroGrid concepts and, their challenges to give the in depth background of the problem and hence, formalize the problem. The smart grid, which ensures reliable, secure, and cost-effective power supply to the smart neighborhoods, effectively needs Fog Computing architecture to achieve its purpose. This paper also identifies, without rigorous analysis, potential solutions to address the problem of smart neighborhoods. The challenges in the integration of Fog Computing and smart grids are also discussed.
Highlights
According to an estimate by Cisco, there will be 75 billion connected devices by 2025 [1,2].This exponential growth in the number of devices per person is due to the proliferation of mobile devices as more and more consumer services are provided through wireless sensor networks
We propose that artificial intelligence and blockchain techniques coupled with Fog Computing architecture are at the core to solve the challenges
Fog Computing is becoming vital to Internet of Things (IoT) service reliability and security as billions of IoT devices will be connected to the internet providing services in smart healthcare, smart cities, manufacturing, smart grids, smart connected vehicles and numerous other domains
Summary
According to an estimate by Cisco, there will be 75 billion connected devices by 2025 [1,2]. The main challenge is to build a scalable and secure distributed architecture for real-time data processing for reliable smart grid operations. Fog Computing, as defined by Atlam et al [11] is required because of: The need for the geographical distribution of resources rather than a centralized one as in the Cloud; The need to incorporate large networks of sensors communicating, usually by wireless access, Zigbee, Bluetooth and related communication technologies; The need to support real-time communication with IoT sensor networks and mobile devices; The need to support heterogeneous devices and interoperability with different service providers; The need for on-line analytic and interplay with the Cloud. Thereafter, we formalize the problem of smart neighborhoods This proposal is made without rigorous analysis as it is based on the literature review, Artificial intelligence and Blockchain techniques
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