FODDER GRASSES AND FODDER LANDS OF RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Feed production has traditionally been the most important basis for the viability, sustainability and security of Russia and Kazakhstan. This is the most large-scale, multifunctional and system-forming branch of agriculture, linking it into a single whole. Based on the use of materials of study, assessment, mapping, zoning, conducted by the authors, literary and stock sources, an overview of the main forage grasses and forage lands of Russia and Kazakhstan is given. A comparison of the feed production of the studied territories with the United States and other countries, where much attention is paid to pastures, is given. Pasture use is the least labor-intensive. With rational use and care, pastures provide the cheapest and most complete feed. Some lands are impractical or even impossible to use for field crops, but they are quite suitable for pasture use. Therefore, the use of international experience is certainly useful. Forage production is a system of improvement and rational use of natural forage lands, creation and use of sown hayfields and pastures, cultivation of forage crops on arable land in the system of crop rotations, seed production of forage crops. Forage lands are agricultural lands, the vegetation cover of which is used for feeding agricultural animals. Fodder grasses − these are annual and perennial herbaceous plants used for animal feed. Forage plants also include semi-shrubs, shrubs, shrubs and trees. Forage plants can be used in the form of green feed, hay, silage, haylage, grass flour, pellets or briquettes. Forage grasses grow on natural forage lands, are cultivated in field and forage crop rotations. Forage grasses are divided into 4 economic and botanical groups: cereals, legumes, sedge and various grasses.