Focusing on cultural humility in pharmacy assessment tools

Abstract

Introduction: Many pharmacy programs have been reviewing their curricula to ensure that unconscious bias is not interwoven throughout. However, few programs have looked at their assessment tools to determine if unconscious bias exists in them. Since research on unconscious bias in assessment tools is currently limited, this study was developed to explore how race, ethnicity, age, and gender were used in multiple-choice item banks at one pharmacy program.Methods: A total of 27 pharmacy test banks, including examinations from first-, second-, and third-year pharmacy curricula, were examined. The exams administered in the 27 courses provided 3621 questions for review and coding based on reference to race, ethnicity, age, and gender.Results: Of the total 3621 exam items reviewed, 40 referenced race. Of those 40, it was determined that race was only applicable/relevant to two (5%) of the questions, linked to Whites. Gender breakdown was 56% male and 45% female, with no mention of transgender. Gender was central to 72 of the 426 questions. Age was mentioned in 381 of the questions and was central in only 46. Ethnicity was not mentioned in any of the questions. In none of the questions were these variables self-identified.Conclusions: The routine mention of race in preparation of materials such as question banks, with no specified goal, risks contributing to racial bias. The goal of all pharmacy educators is to graduate pharmacists that possess sound academic knowledge, clinical skills, and the cultural humility to provide quality care to their patients.