Abstract
Focusing light through scattering media has broad applications in optical imaging, manipulation and therapy. The contrast of the focus can be quantified by peak-to-background intensity ratio (PBR). Here, we theoretically and numerically show that by using a transmission matrix inversion method to achieve focusing, within a limited field of view and under a low noise condition in transmission matrix measurements, the PBR of the focus can be higher than that achieved by conventional methods such as optical phase conjugation or feedback-based wavefront shaping. Experimentally, using a phase-modulation spatial light modulator, we increase the PBR by 66% over that achieved by conventional methods based on phase conjugation. In addition, we demonstrate that, within a limited field of view and under a low noise condition in transmission matrix measurements, our matrix inversion method enables light focusing to multiple foci with greater fidelity than those of conventional methods.
Highlights
Focusing light through scattering media has broad applications in areas such as biomedical imaging [1,2,3,4], cell cytometry [5], optogenetics [6,7] and photodynamic therapy [8]
Transmission matrix methods first measure the scattered light fields corresponding to different incident light fields, and realize focusing by sending an appropriate incident field which is proportional to the linear combination of the columns of the transpose conjugation of the measured transmission matrix
We first theoretically and numerically prove the feasibility of this method, and experimentally demonstrate that it can perform better than conventional methods under low noise conditions
Summary
Focusing light through scattering media has broad applications in areas such as biomedical imaging [1,2,3,4], cell cytometry [5], optogenetics [6,7] and photodynamic therapy [8]. We compare the transmission matrix inversion method and the phase conjugation method based on the optical focus (foci) directly measured (without reconstruction) after transmission through the scattering medium and find that the transmission matrix inversion method is able to focus light with higher contrast and fidelity under a noise-free or low noise condition. This high contrast light focus (foci) formed directly after transmission through scattering media has a number of important applications including point-scanning microscopy and photolithography
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