Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) has become an important non-invasive therapy for solid tumor ablation via thermal effects. The cavitation effect induced by FUS is thereby avoided but applied for lithotripsy, support drug delivery and the induction of blood vessel destruction for cancer therapy. In this study, head and neck cancer (FaDu), glioblastoma (T98G), and prostate cancer (PC-3) cells were exposed to FUS by using an in vitro FUS system followed by single-dose X-ray radiation therapy (RT) or water bath hyperthermia (HT). Sensitization effects of short FUS shots with cavitation (FUS-Cav) or without cavitation (FUS) to RT or HT (45 °C, 30 min) were evaluated. FUS-Cav significantly increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to RT and HT by reducing long-term clonogenic survival, short-term cell metabolic activity, cell invasion, and induction of sonoporation. Our results demonstrated that short FUS treatment with cavitation has good potential to sensitize cancer cells to RT and HT non-invasively.
Highlights
Decades of intensive research and technology development on the therapeutic applications of focused ultrasound (FUS), described as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) usually used for thermal tissue ablation, have led to the clinical approval for the treatment of prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, essential tremor, and pain release of bone metastases [1]
Stable and inertial cavitation is represented by sub- and ultra-harmonics signals and broadband noise, respectively
The sub- and ultra-harmonic signals (m × f0 /2, f0 : fundamental frequency, m = 1, 3, 5, 7 . . . ) represent stable cavitation, the stable cavitation dose was 0.90 ± 0.65 mV·s at an intensity of 129 W/cm2 with a total sonication duration of 40 s and was significantly enhanced to 16.33 ± 4.29 mV·s when the intensity was increased to 1136 W/cm2
Summary
Decades of intensive research and technology development on the therapeutic applications of focused ultrasound (FUS), described as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) usually used for thermal tissue ablation, have led to the clinical approval for the treatment of prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, essential tremor, and pain release of bone metastases [1]. Compared to conventional hyperthermia methods, FUS-induced heating can be focused within pathological tissue in a region of a diameter of only 2 mm [2]. Due to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging guidance, precise treatment planning and non-invasive real-time temperature monitoring via MR thermometry are feasible. The precise delivery of heat to deep local tumors without damaging the surrounding tissue is still the main challenge. Real-time 3D ultrasound based motion tracking for the treatment of mobile organs with MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
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